Handling Water Production

Handling water production varies based on whether you are dealing with gas condensate, or a solution gas drive.

Gas Condensate

If water is being produced during multiphase flow, there are two possible ways to deal with it:

1. If the water flow is caused by "coning" at the well, then that effect is already included as part of the skin due to damage (s_d). There is no way of quantifying the skin effect due to water production independently.

2. If the water is flowing throughout the formation (and is not just a water cone at the well), then the skin damage (s_d), calculated is indeed reflective of the true damage at the wellbore. The effects of the water flowing in the reservoir are reflected in the value of k_g  being a function of both oil (condensate) and water saturation’s in the bulk formation.

Solution Gas Drive

If water is being produced during multiphase flow, there are two possible ways to deal with it:

1. If the water flow is caused by "coning" at the well, then that effect is already included as part of the skin due to damage (s_d). There is no way of quantifying skin effect due to water production independently.

2. If the water is flowing throughout the formation (and is not just a water cone at the well), then the skin damage (s_d), reflects the true damage at the wellbore. The effects of the water flowing in the reservoir are reflected in the value of k_o and k_w  which are a function of both oil and water saturation's in the bulk formation.